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	<title>WIST Quotations</title>
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		<title>Sagan, Carl -- The Demon-Haunted World, ch. 10 &#8220;The Dragon in My Garage&#8221; (1995)</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/sagan-carl/85616/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/sagan-carl/85616/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2026 20:53:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Sagan, Carl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[assertion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[claims]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disproof]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[excitement]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[testing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[theory]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Claims that cannot be tested, assertions immune to disproof are veridically worthless, whatever value they may have in inspiring us or in exciting our sense of wonder.]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Claims that cannot be tested, assertions immune to disproof are veridically worthless, whatever value they may have in inspiring us or in exciting our sense of wonder. </p>
<br><b>Carl Sagan</b> (1934–1996) American scientist and writer<br><i>The Demon-Haunted World</i>, ch. 10 &#8220;The Dragon in My Garage&#8221; (1995) 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://archive.org/details/B-001-001-709/page/n171/mode/2up?q=%22assertions+immune%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
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		<title>Ingersoll, Robert Green -- Lecture (1877-06-23), &#8220;The Ghosts,&#8221; Carson Theater, Carson City, Nevada</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/ingersoll-robert-green/78807/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/ingersoll-robert-green/78807/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Sep 2025 20:17:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ingersoll, Robert Green]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[assertion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hypothesis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[investigation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[meme]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[questioning]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[theory]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[A theory that is afraid of investigation is undeserving a place in the human mind. Collected in The Ghosts, and Other Lectures (1878)]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A theory that is afraid of investigation is undeserving a place in the human mind.</p>
<p><a href="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ingersoll-a-theory-that-is-afraid-of-investigation-is-undeserving-a-place-in-the-human-mind-wist-info-quote.png"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ingersoll-a-theory-that-is-afraid-of-investigation-is-undeserving-a-place-in-the-human-mind-wist-info-quote.png" alt="ingersoll - a theory that is afraid of investigation is undeserving a place in the human mind - wist.info quote" title="ingersoll - a theory that is afraid of investigation is undeserving a place in the human mind - wist.info quote" width="800" height="450" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-78809" srcset="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ingersoll-a-theory-that-is-afraid-of-investigation-is-undeserving-a-place-in-the-human-mind-wist-info-quote.png 800w, https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ingersoll-a-theory-that-is-afraid-of-investigation-is-undeserving-a-place-in-the-human-mind-wist-info-quote-300x169.png 300w, https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/ingersoll-a-theory-that-is-afraid-of-investigation-is-undeserving-a-place-in-the-human-mind-wist-info-quote-768x432.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a></p>
<br><b>Robert Green Ingersoll</b> (1833–1899) American lawyer, freethinker, orator<br>Lecture (1877-06-23), &#8220;The Ghosts,&#8221; Carson Theater, Carson City, Nevada 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://gutenberg.org/cache/epub/38813/pg38813-images.html#Alink0007:~:text=A%20theory%20that%20is%20afraid%20of%20investigation%20is%20undeserving%20a%20place%20in%20the%20human%20mind." target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

<a href="https://archive.org/details/ghostsandotherle00ingeiala/page/66/mode/2up?q=%22afraid+of+investigation%22">Collected</a> in <i>The Ghosts, and Other Lectures</i> (1878)


						</span>
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		<title>Addison, Joseph -- Essay (1716-06-29), The Freeholder, No. 55</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/addison-joseph/72476/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/addison-joseph/72476/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Oct 2024 22:41:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Addison, Joseph]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ad hominem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[argument]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[attack]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cause]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[A good Cause doth not want any Bitterness to support it, as a bad one cannot subsist without it. It is indeed observable, that an Author is scurrilous in proportion as he is dull; and seems rather to be in a Passion, because he cannot find out what to say for his own Opinion, than [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A good Cause doth not want any Bitterness to support it, as a bad one cannot subsist without it. It is indeed observable, that an Author is scurrilous in proportion as he is dull; and seems rather to be in a Passion, because he cannot find out what to say for his own Opinion, than because he has discovered any pernicious Absurdities in that of his Antagonists.</p>
<br><b>Joseph Addison</b> (1672–1719) English essayist, poet, statesman<br>Essay (1716-06-29), <i>The Freeholder</i>, No. 55 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/ecco/004806457.0001.000/1:4?rgn=div1;view=fulltext#:~:text=A%20good%20Cause,of%20his%20Antagonists." target="_blank">Source</a>)
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		<title>Hitchens, Christopher -- &#8220;Mommie Dearest,&#8221; Slate (20 Oct 2003)</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/hitchens-christopher/46998/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/hitchens-christopher/46998/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 May 2021 20:54:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Hitchens, Christopher]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[argument]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[dismissal]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[What can be asserted without evidence can also be dismissed without evidence. Sometimes referred to as Hitchens&#8217; Razor. The concept is not new (consider the Latin phrase &#8220;Quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur&#8221;), but was popularized by Hitchens in discussion of contemporary discussion of religion, including in his work God Is Not Great (2007). While cited [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>What can be asserted without evidence can also be dismissed without evidence.</p>
<p><a href="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hitchens-What-can-be-asserted-without-evidence-can-also-be-dismissed-without-evidence-wist.info-quote.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hitchens-What-can-be-asserted-without-evidence-can-also-be-dismissed-without-evidence-wist.info-quote.png" alt="" width="800" height="515" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-47000" srcset="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hitchens-What-can-be-asserted-without-evidence-can-also-be-dismissed-without-evidence-wist.info-quote.png 800w, https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hitchens-What-can-be-asserted-without-evidence-can-also-be-dismissed-without-evidence-wist.info-quote-300x193.png 300w, https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Hitchens-What-can-be-asserted-without-evidence-can-also-be-dismissed-without-evidence-wist.info-quote-768x494.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a></p>
<br><b>Christopher Hitchens</b> (1949–2011) English intellectual, polemicist, socio-political critic<br>&#8220;Mommie Dearest,&#8221; <i>Slate</i> (20 Oct 2003) 
														<br><br><span class="cite">
						

Sometimes referred to as Hitchens' Razor. The concept is not new (consider the Latin phrase <em>"Quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur"),</em> but was popularized by Hitchens in discussion of contemporary discussion of religion, including in his work <em><a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/God_Is_Not_Great/8kgjU4wbM5oC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=christopher%20hitchens%20%22dismissed%20without%20evidence%22&pg=PP1&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22dismissed%20without%20evidence%22">God Is Not Great</a></em> (2007).<br><br> 

While cited by a number of sources to the 2003 <em>Slate</em> article on the canonization of Mother Teresa, the phrase does not appear in the <a href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2003/10/the-fanatic-fraudulent-mother-teresa.html">2016 reprint</a> of the article at the time she was actually declared a saint.<br><br>

More information (including the original <em>Slate</em> text): <a href="https://skepticink.com/backgroundprobability/2015/07/25/the-long-history-of-hitchens-razor/">The long history of Hitchens' Razor • Background Probability</a>.
						</span>
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		<title>Steele, Richard -- Essay (1711-03-01), The Spectator, No.   2</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/steele-richard/21332/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/steele-richard/21332/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 04 Jun 2013 13:06:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Steele, Richard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[assertion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civil rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cowardice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[duty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entitlement]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[It is a civil Cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military Fear to be slow in attacking when it is your Duty. A comment by &#8220;Captain Sentry.&#8221;]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is a civil Cowardice to be backward in asserting what you ought to expect, as it is a military Fear to be slow in attacking when it is your Duty.</p>
<br><b>Richard Steele</b> (1672–1729) Anglo-Irish writer, journalist, playwright, politician<br>Essay (1711-03-01), <i>The Spectator</i>, No.   2 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Spectator_with_Notes_and_a_General_I/bw1EAAAAYAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22civil%20cowardice%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

A comment by "Captain Sentry."						</span>
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		<title>Montaigne, Michel de -- Essays, Book 3, ch. 11 (3.11), &#8220;Of Cripples [Des Boyteux]&#8221; (1587) [tr. Frame (1943)]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/montaigne-michel-de/2884/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/montaigne-michel-de/2884/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2004 16:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Montaigne, Michel de]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[argument]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[bravado]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[command]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[demand]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[He who imposes his argument by bravado and command shows that it is weak in reason. &#160; [Qui establit son discours par braverie et commandement, montre que la raison y est foible.] (Source (French)). Other translations: He that with braverie and by comaundement will establish his discourse, declareth his reason to be weake. [tr. Florio [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>He who imposes his argument by bravado and command shows that it is weak in reason.<br />
&nbsp;<br />
<em>[Qui establit son discours par braverie et commandement, montre que la raison y est foible.]</em></p>
<p><a href="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2004/02/Montaigne-argument-by-bravado-and-command-weak-in-reason-wist.info-quote.png"><img decoding="async" src="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2004/02/Montaigne-argument-by-bravado-and-command-weak-in-reason-wist.info-quote.png" alt="Montaigne - argument by bravado and command weak in reason - wist.info quote" title="Montaigne - argument by bravado and command weak in reason - wist.info quote" width="800" height="350" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-66128" srcset="https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2004/02/Montaigne-argument-by-bravado-and-command-weak-in-reason-wist.info-quote.png 800w, https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2004/02/Montaigne-argument-by-bravado-and-command-weak-in-reason-wist.info-quote-300x131.png 300w, https://wist.info/wp/wp-content/uploads/2004/02/Montaigne-argument-by-bravado-and-command-weak-in-reason-wist.info-quote-768x336.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px" /></a></p>
<br><b>Michel de Montaigne</b> (1533–1592) French essayist<br><i>Essays</i>, Book 3, ch. 11 (3.11), &#8220;Of Cripples <i>[Des Boyteux]&#8221;</i> (1587) [tr. Frame (1943)] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://archive.org/details/completeworksofm0000mont/page/788/mode/2up?q=%22bravado+and+command%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

(<a href="https://hyperessays.net/gournay/book/III/chapter/11/#:~:text=Qui%20establit%20son%20discours%20par%20braverie%20et%20commandement%2C%20montre%20que%20la%20raison%20y%20est%20foible.">Source (French)</a>). Other translations:<br><br> 

<blockquote>He that with braverie and by comaundement will establish his discourse, declareth his reason to be weake.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://hyperessays.net/florio/book/III/chapter/11/#:~:text=He%20that%20with%20braverie%20and%20by%20comaundement%20will%20establish%20his%20discourse%2C%20declareth%20his%20reason%20to%20be%20weake">Florio</a> (1603), "Of the Lame or Cripple"]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Who will establish his Discourse by Authority and Huffing, discovers his Reason to be very weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/essaysmichaelse00cottgoog/page/344/mode/2up?q=%22Who+wj%5El+eftablilh+his%22">Cotton</a> (1686)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>He who will establish this proposition by authority and huffing discovers his reason to be very weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://hyperessays.net/essays/on-the-lame/#:~:text=He%20who%20will%20establish%20this%20proposition%20by%20authority%20and%20huffing%20discovers%20his%20reason%20to%20be%20very%20weak.">Cotton/Hazlitt</a> (1877), "On the Lame"]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>He who establishes his argument by defiance and by command shews that his reasoning is weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/essaysmichaelse00cottgoog/page/344/mode/2up?q=%22Who+wj%5El+eftablilh+his%22">Ives</a> (1925)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Any man who supports his opinion with challenges and commands demonstrates that his reasons for it are weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/the-complete-essays-montaigne-michel-de-1533-1592/page/1167/mode/2up?q=%22who+supports+his+opinion%22">Screech</a> (1987), "On the Lame"]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>He who establishes his argument by noise and command shows that his reason is weak.<br>
[<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_Thoughts/uUi0R_St0qYC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22argument+by+noise+and+command%22&pg=PA26&printsec=frontcover">Source</a>]</blockquote><br>						</span>
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		<title>Joubert, Joseph -- Pensées [Thoughts], ch.  8 &#8220;De la Famille et de la Société, etc. [On the Family and Society],&#8221; ¶  71 (1850 ed.) [tr. Attwell (1896), ¶ 115]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/joubert-joseph/2193/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/joubert-joseph/2193/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2004 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Joubert, Joseph]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[It is better to debate a question without settling it, than to settle it without debate. [Il vaut mieux remuer une question sans la décider, que la décider sans la remuer.] (Source (French)). Other translations: It is better to stir a question without deciding it, than to decide it without stirring it. [tr. Calvert (1866), [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It is better to debate a question without settling it, than to settle it without debate.</p>
<p><em>[Il vaut mieux remuer une question sans la décider, que la décider sans la remuer.]</em></p>
<br><b>Joseph Joubert</b> (1754–1824) French moralist, philosopher, essayist, poet<br><i>Pensées [Thoughts]</i>, ch.  8 <i>&#8220;De la Famille et de la Société, etc.</i> [On the Family and Society],&#8221; ¶  71 (1850 ed.) [tr. Attwell (1896), ¶ 115] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pens%C3%A9es_of_Joubert/aWpJAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22debate%20a%20question%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
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(<a href="https://archive.org/details/pensesessaisma01joubuoft/page/248/mode/2up?ref=ol&q=%22remuer+une+question%22">Source (French)</a>). Other translations:<br><br>

<blockquote>It is better to stir a question without deciding it, than to decide it without stirring it.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/JoubertSomeThoughts/page/n91/mode/2up?q=question">Calvert</a> (1866), ch. 8]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is better to turn over a question without deciding it, than to decide it without turning it over.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/joubertaselecti00lyttgoog/page/n116/mode/2up?q=question">Lyttelton</a> (1899), ch. 7, ¶ 61]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is better to stir up a question without deciding it, than to decide it without stirring it up.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Pens%C3%A9es_and_Letters_of_Joseph_Joubert/hSgnAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=deciding">Collins</a> (1928), ch. 7]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is better to debate a question without settling it than to settle a question without debating it.<br>
[<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/An_Unfinished_Life/w3oiOriupLwC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22settle+a+question+without+debating+it.%22&pg=PT8&printsec=frontcover">Variant</a>]</blockquote><br>						</span>
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