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		<title>Dante Alighieri -- The Divine Comedy [Divina Commedia], Book 2 &#8220;Purgatorio,&#8221; Canto 10, l. 121ff (10.121-129) (1314) [tr. Sayers (1955)]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/dante-alighieri-poet/64727/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Nov 2023 23:51:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Dante Alighieri]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Alas, proud Christians, faint with misery, So warped of vision in the inward sense You trust in your backslidings! Don&#8217;t you see That we are worms, whose insignificance Lives but to form the angelic butterfly That flits to judgement naked of defence? Why do you let pretension soar so high, Being as it were but [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Alas, proud Christians, faint with misery,<br />
<span class="tab">So warped of vision in the inward sense<br />
<span class="tab">You trust in your backslidings! Don&#8217;t you see<br />
That we are worms, whose insignificance<br />
<span class="tab">Lives but to form the angelic butterfly<br />
<span class="tab">That flits to judgement naked of defence?<br />
Why do you let pretension soar so high,<br />
<span class="tab">Being as it were but larvae &#8212; grubs that lack<br />
<span class="tab">The finished form that shall be by and by?</p>
<p><em>[O superbi Cristian, miseri lassi!<br />
<span class="tab">Che, della vista della mente infermi,<br />
<span class="tab">Fidanza avete ne&#8217; ritrosi passi;<br />
Non v&#8217; accorgete voi, che noi siam vermi<br />
<span class="tab">Nati a formar l&#8217; angelica farfalla,<br />
<span class="tab">Che vola alla giustizia senza schermi?<br />
Di che l&#8217; animo vostro in alto galla,<br />
<span class="tab">Poi siete quasi entomata in difetto,<br />
<span class="tab">Sì come verme, in cui formazion falla?]</span></span></span></span></span></span></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<br><b>Dante Alighieri</b> (1265–1321) Italian poet<br><i>The Divine Comedy [Divina Commedia]</i>, Book 2 <i>&#8220;Purgatorio,&#8221;</i> Canto 10, l. 121ff (10.121-129) (1314) [tr. Sayers (1955)] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://archive.org/details/comedyofdanteali00alig/page/146/mode/2up?q=%22proud+christians%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

Criticizing prideful Christians.<br><br>

(<a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Divina_Commedia/Purgatorio/Canto_X#:~:text=O%20superbi%20cristian,cui%20formazion%20falla%3F">Source (Italian)</a>). Other translations:<br><br>

<blockquote>O, miserable Pride! of Blindness born!<br>
Vile retrograde Ambition! theme of Scorn!<br>
<span class="tab">Can Reptiles in the dust, of dust be proud? --<br>
Boast of their meanness, falsify their end;<br>
From their immortal hopes at once descend.<br>
<span class="tab">And let a dowerless Vice their prospects cloud? --<br>
<br>
As Reptiles, who their painted plumes display, <br>
(Tho; crawling once in dust,) and wing their way<br>
<span class="tab">On Summer-buxom gales, and claim the Sky: <br>
Thus were ye born, and thus you claim your flight <br>
To the pure Precincts of celestial Light,<br>
<span class="tab">If on no fpurious Pride your hopes rely.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/divinacommediad00unkngoog/page/n160/mode/2up?q=%22O%2C+miferable+Pride%22">Boyd</a> (1802), st. 23-24]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Christians and proud! O poor and wretched ones!<br>
<span class="tab">That feeble in the mind’s eye, lean your trust<br>
<span class="tab">Upon unstaid perverseness! Know ye not<br>
That we are worms, yet made at last to form<br>
<span class="tab">The winged insect, imp’d with angel plumes<br>
<span class="tab">That to heaven’s justice unobstructed soars?<br>
Why buoy ye up aloft your unfleg’d souls?<br>
<span class="tab">Abortive then and shapeless ye remain,<br>
<span class="tab">Like the untimely embryon of a worm!<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/8795/8795-h/8795-h.htm#cantoII.10:~:text=Christians%20and%20proud,of%20a%20worm!">Cary</a> (1814)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O haughty Christians! miserable, alas!<br>
<span class="tab">From mental sight to weakness that's allied,<br>
<span class="tab">Confiding in perverseness and in pride,<br>
Perceive ye not we are but merely worms,<br>
<span class="tab">Born embryo of angelic butterfly,<br>
<span class="tab">Which, unrestrained, to justice flies on high,<br>
Where is the object of your souring flight?<br>
<span class="tab">Insect, in whom defecta lone prevails,<br>
<span class="tab">And worm, in which the true formatiln fails.v
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/comedyofdanteal00dant/page/206/mode/2up?q=%22miserable+alas%22">Bannerman</a> (1850)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O ye proud Christians! wretched, weary ones!<br>
<span class="tab">Who, in the vision of the mind infirm<br>
<span class="tab">Confidence have in your backsliding steps,<br>
Do ye not comprehend that we are worms,<br>
<span class="tab">Born to bring forth the angelic butterfly<br>
<span class="tab">That flieth unto judgment without screen?<br>
Why floats aloft your spirit high in air?<br>
<span class="tab">Like are ye unto insects undeveloped,<br>
<span class="tab">Even as the worm in whom formation fails!<br>
[tr. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Divine_Comedy_(Longfellow_1867)/Volume_2/Canto_10#:~:text=O%20ye%20proud,whom%20formation%20fails!">Longfellow</a> (1867)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O proud Christians, wretched and weary, who, weak in the sight of the mind, have confidence in your backward paces, do ye not perceive that we are worms, born to form the angelic butterfly which flies without screen to the judgement? In respect of what does your mind float on high, since ye are as it were defective insects, like a worm in which formative power is in default?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/purgatorydantea00aliggoog/page/n140/mode/2up?q=%22proud+Christians%22">Butler</a> (1885)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Proud Christians, wretched, weary, and undone! <br>
<span class="tab">Who of your mental sight are so bereaved <br>
<span class="tab">That ye have faith in backward paths alone;<br>
That we are worms have ye not yet perceived, <br>
<span class="tab">Born but to form the Angelic butterfly <br>
<span class="tab">That soareth up to judgment unreprieved?<br>
Of what your spirit doth it vaunt so high? <br>
<span class="tab">Since ye are unformed insects at the best, <br>
<span class="tab">Worms as it were unfinished utterly.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/divinecomedyofda00dantrich/page/170/mode/2up?q=%22Proud+Christians%22">Minchin</a> (1885)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O proud Christians, wretched weary ones, who, diseased in vision of the mind, have confidence in backward steps, are ye not aware that we are worms born to form the angelic butterfly which flies unto judgment without defence? Why doth your mind float up aloft, since ye are as it were defective insects, even as a worm in which formation fails?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1996/1996-h/1996-h.htm#cantoII.X:~:text=O%20proud%20Christians,which%20formation%20fails%3F">Norton</a> (1892)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote><span class="tab">O ye proud Christians, wretched and weary, who, sick in mental vision, put trust in backward steps, <br>
<span class="tab">perceive ye not that we are worms, born to form the angelic butterfly that flieth to judgment without defence? <br>
<span class="tab">Why doth your mind soar on high, since ye are as 'twere imperfect insects, even as the grub in which full form is wanting?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/purgatorioofdant00dant_0/page/124/mode/2up?q=%22ye+proud+Christians%22">Okey</a> (1901)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O vainglorious Christians, weary wretches who are sick in the mind's vision and put your trust in backward steps, do you not perceive that we are worms born to form the angelic butterfly that soars to judgement without defence? Why does your mind float so high, since you are as it were imperfect insects, like the worm that is undeveloped?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/iipurgatoriowith00dant/page/136/mode/2up?q=%22vainglorious+Christians%22">Sinclair</a> (1939)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O ye proud Christians, weary and sad of brow,<br>
<span class="tab">Who, tainted in the vision of the mind,<br>
<span class="tab">In backward steps your confidence avow,<br>
Preceive ye not that we are worms, designed<br>
<span class="tab">To form the angelic butterfly, that goes<br>
<span class="tab">To judgment, leaving all defence behind?<br>
Why doth your mind take such exalted pose,<br>
<span class="tab">Since ye, disabled, are as insects, mean<br>
<span class="tab">As worm which never transformation knows?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/portabledante00dant/page/238/mode/2up?q=butterfly">Binyon</a> (1943)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O you proud Christians, wretched souls and small, <br>
<span class="tab">who by the dim lights of your twisted minds <br>
<span class="tab">believe you prosper even as you fall --<br>
can you not see that we awer works, each one<br>
<span class="tab">born to become the Angelic butterfly<br>
<span class="tab">that flies defenseless to the Judgment Throne?<br>
what have your souls to boast of and be proud?<br>
<span class="tab">You are no more than insects, incomplete<br>
<span class="tab">as any grub until it burst the shroud.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/purgatorio00dant/page/116/mode/1up?q=%22o+you+proud+christians%22">Ciardi</a> (1961)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O proud Christians, wretched and weary, who, sick in mental vision, put trust in backward steps: are you not aware that we are worms, born to form the angelic butterfly that flies until judgment without defenses? Why does your mind soar up aloft, since you are as it wer imperfect insects, even as the worm in which full form is wanting?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Divine_Comedy_II_Purgatorio_Vol_II_P/2Q48EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=o%20proud%20christians">Singleton</a> (1973)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O haughty Christians, wretched, sluggish souls, <br>
<span class="tab">all you whose inner vision is diseased, <br>
<span class="tab">putting your trust in things that pull you back,<br>
do you not understand that we are worms, <br>
<span class="tab">each born to form the angelic butterfly, <br>
<span class="tab">that flies defenseless to the Final Judge?<br>
Why do your souls’ pretensions rise so high, <br>
<span class="tab">since you are but defective insects still, <br>
<span class="tab">worms as yet imperfectly evolved?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/dantealighierisd03dant/page/98/mode/2up?q=%22o+haughty+christians%22">Musa</a> (1981)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O proud Christians, wretched and exhausted, <br>
<span class="tab">Who, sick in mind, and not seeing aright, <br>
<span class="tab">Go confidently in the wrong direction;<br>
Do you not perceive that we are grubs, <br>
<span class="tab">Born to turn into the angelic butterfly <br>
<span class="tab">Which flies towards justice without defence?<br>
Why does your mind float aloft <br>
<span class="tab">Since you are no more than defective insects, <br>
<span class="tab">Like the grub which has not reached its full development?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/divinecomedy0000dant/page/242/mode/2up?q=butterfly">Sisson</a> (1981)] </blockquote><br>


<blockquote>O Christians, arrogant, exhausted, wretched,<br>
<span class="tab">Whose intellects are sick and cannot see,<br>
<span class="tab">Who place your confidence in backward steps,<br>
Do you not know that we are worms and born<br>
<span class="tab">To form the angelic butterfly that soars,<br>
<span class="tab">Without defenses, to confront His judgment?<br>
Why does your mind presume to flight when you<br>
<span class="tab">Are still like the imperfect grub, the worm<br>
<span class="tab">Before it has attained its final form?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/purgatorio0000dant_m5q7/page/90/mode/2up?q=%22arrogant%2C+exhausted%22">Mandelbaum</a> (1982)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote><span class="tab">O proud Christians, weary wretches, who, weak in mental vision, put your faith in backward steps,<br>
<span class="tab">do you not perceive that we are worms born to form the angelic butterfly that flies to justice without a shield?<br>
<span class="tab">Why is it that your spirit floats on high, since you are like defective insects, like worms in whom formation is lacking?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/divinecomedyofda0002dant_d4k9/page/164/mode/2up?q=%22why+is+it+that%22">Durling</a> (2003)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O proud Christians, weary and wretched, who, infirm in the mind’s vision, put your trust in downward steps: do you not see that we are caterpillars, born to form the angelic butterfly, that flies to judgement without defence? Why does your mind soar to the heights, since you are defective insects, even as the caterpillar is, in which the form is lacking?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/Italian/DantPurg8to14.php#anchor_Toc64099585:~:text=O%20proud%20Christians,form%20is%20lacking%3F">Kline</a> (2002)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Proud Christians, wretched and — alas! — so tired,<br>
<span class="tab">who, feeble in your powers of mental sight, <br>
<span class="tab">place so much faith in your own backward tread,<br>
do you not recognize that you are worms <br>
<span class="tab">born to become angelic butterflies <br>
<span class="tab">that fly to justice with no veil between?<br>
Why is it that your thoughts float up so high? <br>
<span class="tab">You, with your faults, are little more than grubs, <br>
<span class="tab">chrysalides (no more!) that lack full form.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/divinecomedy2pur0000dant/page/92/mode/2up?q=%22proud+christians%22">Kirkpatrick</a> (2007)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>O vainglorious Christians, miserable wretches!<br>
<span class="tab">Sick in the visions engendered in your minds,<br>
<span class="tab">you put your trust in backward steps.<br>
Do you not see that we are born as worms,<br>
<span class="tab">though able to transform into angelic butterflies<br>
<span class="tab">that unimpeded soar to justice?<br>
What makes your mind rear up so high?<br>
<span class="tab">You are, as it were, defective creatures,<br>
<span class="tab">like the unformed worm, shaped from the mud.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://dante.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/dante/campuscgi/mpb/GetCantoSection.pl?INP_POEM=Purg&INP_SECT=10&INP_START=121&INP_LEN=9&LANG=0">Hollander/Hollander</a> (2007)]</blockquote><br>


<blockquote>O haughty Christians, miserable and weary,<br>
<span class="tab">Driven by sickness rioting in your mind,<br>
<span class="tab">Placing eternal trust in what walks backward,<br>
Unable to see that human beings are worms,<br>
<span class="tab">Born to create angelic butterflies<br>
<span class="tab">That fly to God's judgment, needing no other protection.<br>
Why do you let your mind soar into Heaven,<br>
<span class="tab">Since what you truly are is imperfect insects,<br>
<span class="tab">Just as the worm must wait to come into being?<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Divine_Comedy/WZyBj-s9PfsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22haughty%20christians%22">Raffel</a> (2010)] </blockquote><br>
						</span>
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                <!-- DCH Modify the title to give the category (quote author) at the beginning of it. -->
		<title>Aristotle -- Nicomachean Ethics [Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια], Book  4, ch.  3 (4.3.26) / 1124b.18 (c. 325 BC) [tr. Irwin (1999)]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/aristotle/37666/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Aug 2017 18:00:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Aristotle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bearing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[breeding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[character]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[ego]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[haughtiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inferiority]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[punching down]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[strength]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Again, it is proper to the magnanimous person to ask for nothing, or hardly anything, but to help eagerly. When he meets people with good fortune or a reputation for worth, he displays his greatness, since superiority over them is difficult and impressive, and there is nothing ignoble in trying to be impressive with them. [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Again, it is proper to the magnanimous person to ask for nothing, or hardly anything, but to help eagerly. When he meets people with good fortune or a reputation for worth, he displays his greatness, since superiority over them is difficult and impressive, and there is nothing ignoble in trying to be impressive with them. But when he meets ordinary people, he is moderate, since superiority over them is easy, and an attempt to be impressive among inferiors is as vulgar as a display of strength against the weak.</p>
<p>[μεγαλοψύχου δὲ καὶ τὸ μηδενὸς δεῖσθαι ἢ μόλις, ὑπηρετεῖν δὲ προθύμως, καὶ πρὸς μὲν τοὺς ἐν ἀξιώματι καὶ εὐτυχίαις μέγαν εἶναι, πρὸς δὲ τοὺς μέσους μέτριον: τῶν μὲν γὰρ ὑπερέχειν χαλεπὸν καὶ σεμνόν, τῶν δὲ ῥᾴδιον, καὶ ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις μὲν σεμνύνεσθαι οὐκ ἀγεννές, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ταπεινοῖς φορτικόν, ὥσπερ εἰς τοὺς ἀσθενεῖς ἰσχυρίζεσθαι.]</p>
<br><b>Aristotle</b> (384–322 BC) Greek philosopher<br><i>Nicomachean Ethics [Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια]</i>, Book  4, ch.  3 (4.3.26) / 1124b.18 (c. 325 BC) [tr. Irwin (1999)] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780872204645/page/58/mode/2up?q=%22proper+to+the+magnanimous%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

The core word Aristotle is using is μεγαλοψυχία (translated variously as high-mindedness, great-mindedness, pride, great-soulness, magnanimity). (<a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0053%3Abekker%20page%3D1124b%3Abekker%20line%3D15#:~:text=%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%88%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%85%20%CE%B4%E1%BD%B2%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%E1%BD%B6%20%CF%84%E1%BD%B8%20%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BD%E1%BD%B8%CF%82%20%CE%B4%CE%B5%E1%BF%96%CF%83%CE%B8%CE%B1%CE%B9%20%E1%BC%A2%20%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%82%2C%20%E1%BD%91%CF%80%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B5%E1%BF%96%CE%BD%20%CE%B4%E1%BD%B2%20%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B8%CF%8D%CE%BC%CF%89%CF%82%2C%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%E1%BD%B6%20%CF%80%CF%81%E1%BD%B8%CF%82%20%CE%BC%E1%BD%B2%CE%BD%20%CF%84%CE%BF%E1%BD%BA%CF%82%20%E1%BC%90%CE%BD%20%E1%BC%80%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%20%CE%BA%CE%B1%E1%BD%B6%20%CE%B5%E1%BD%90%CF%84%CF%85%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%82%20%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%20%CE%B5%E1%BC%B6%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B9%2C%20%CF%80%CF%81%E1%BD%B8%CF%82%20%CE%B4%E1%BD%B2">Source (Greek)</a>). Other translations:<br><br>

<blockquote>Further, it is characteristic of the Great-minded man to ask favours not at all, or very reluctantly, but to do a service very readily; and to bear himself loftily towards the great or fortunate, but towards people of middle station affably; because to be above the former is difficult and so a grand thing, but to be above the latter is easy; and to be high and mighty towards the former is not ignoble, but to do it towards those of humble station would be low and vulgar; it would be like parading strength against the weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/8438/pg8438-images.html#:~:text=Further%2C%20it%20is,against%20the%20weak.">Chase</a> (1847)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It would seem, too, that the high-minded man asks favours of no one, or, at any rate, asks them with the greatest reluctance, but that he is always eager to do good offices to others; and that towards those in high position and prosperity he bears himself with pride, but towards ordinary men with moderation; for in the former case it is difficult to show superiority, and to do so is a lordly mater; whereas in the latter case it is easy. To be haughty among the great is no proof of bad breeding, but haughtiness among the lowly is as base-born a thing as it is to make trial of great strength upon the weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nicomachean_Ethics_of_Aristotle/m7RCAAAAIAAJ?gbpv=1&bsq=%22those%20in%20high%20position%22">Williams</a> (1869)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is characteristic too of the high-minded man that he never, or hardly ever, asks a favor, that he is ready to do anybody a service, and that, although his bearing is stately towards person of dignity and affluence, it is unassuming toward the middle class; for while it is a difficult and dignified thing to be superior to the former, it is easy enough to be superior to the latter, and while a dignified demeanour in dealing with the former is a mark of nobility, it is a mark of vulgarity ind ealing with the latter, as it like a display of physical strength at the expense of an invalid.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nicomachean_Ethics_of_Aristotle/m7RCAAAAIAAJ?gbpv=1&bsq=%22those%20in%20high%20position%22">Welldon</a> (1892), ch. 8]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is characteristic of the high-minded man, again, never or reluctantly to ask favours, but to be ready to confer them, and to be lofty in his behaviour to those who are high in station and favoured by fortune, but affable to those of the middle ranks; for it is a difficult thing and a dignified thing to assert superiority over the former, but easy to assert it over the latter. A haughty demeanour in dealing with the great is quite consistent with good breeding, but in dealing with those of low estate is brutal, like showing off one’s strength upon a cripple.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://oll.libertyfund.org/title/peters-the-nicomachean-ethics#:~:text=It%20is%20characteristic,upon%20a%20cripple.">Peters</a> (1893)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is a mark of the proud man also to ask for nothing or scarcely anything, but to give help readily, and to be dignified towards people who enjoy high position and good fortune, but unassuming towards those of the middle class; for it is a difficult and lofty thing to be superior to the former, but easy to be so to the latter, and a lofty bearing over the former is no mark of ill-breeding, but among humble people it is as vulgar as a display of strength against the weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nicomachean_Ethics_(Ross)/Book_Four#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20mark,strength%20against%20the%20weak.">Ross</a> (1908)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is also characteristic of the great-souled man never to ask help from others, or only with reluctance, but to render aid willingly; and to be haughty towards men of position and fortune, but courteous towards those of moderate station, because it is difficult and distinguished to be superior to the great, but easy to outdo the lowly, and to adopt a high manner with the former is not ill-bred, but it is vulgar to lord it over humble people: it is like putting forth one's strength against the weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0086.tlg010.perseus-eng1:4.pos=213.26">Rackham</a> (1934)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is also characteristic of a great-souled person to ask for nothing or hardly anything but to offer his services eagerly, and to exhibit his greatness to those with a reputation for great worth or those who are enjoying good luck, but to moderate his greatness to those in the middle. For it is a difficult and a dignified thing to show oneself superior to the former, but an easy one to do so to the latter, and, while adopting a dignified manner toward the former is not ill-bred, to do so toward humble people is vulgar, like displaying strength against the weak. <br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Nicomachean_Ethics/Rq3xAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22also%20characteristic%20of%20a%20great-souled%22">Reeve</a> (1948)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is the mark of a high-minded man, too, never, or hardly ever, to ask for help, but to be of help to others readily, and to be dignified with men of high position or of good fortune, but unassuming with those of middle class, for it is difficult and impressive to be superior to the former, but easy to be so to the latter; and whereas being impressive to the former is not a mark of a lowly man, being so to the humble is crude -- it is like using physical force against the physically weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nicomachean_Ethics/pD3wCAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22ask%20for%20help%22">Apostle</a> (1975)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Another mark of the magnanimous man is that he never, or only reluctantly, makes a request, whereas he is eager to help others. He his haughty toward those who are influential and successful, but moderate toward those who have an intermediate position in society, because in the former case to be superior is difficult and impressive, but in the latter it is easy' and to create an impression at the expense of the former is not ill-bred, but to do so among the humble is vulgar.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Nicomachean_Ethics/iBoqmEvavawC?gbpv=1&bsq=%22mark%20of%20the%20magnanimous%20man%22">Thomson/Tredennick</a> (1976)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It is also characteristic of a great-souled person to ask for nothing, or almost nothing, but to help others readily; and to be dignified in his behavior towards people of distinction or the well-off, but unassuming toward people at the middle level. Superiority over the first group is difficult and impressive, but over the second it is easy, and attempting to impress the first group is not ill-bred, while in the case of humble people it is vulgar, like a show of strength against the weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://archive.org/details/nicomacheanethic0000aris_a7a1/page/68/mode/2up?q=%22Superiority+over+the+first+group%22">Crisp</a> (2000)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>It belongs to the great-souled also to need nothing, or scarcely anything, but to be eager to be of service, and to be great in the presence of people of worth and good fortune, but measured toward those of a middling rank. For it is a difficult and august thing to be superior among the fortunate, but easy to be that way among the middling sorts; and to exalt oneself among the former is not a lowborn thing, but to do so among the latter is crude, just as is using one's strength against the weak.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Aristotle_s_Nicomachean_Ethics/3JuePlN_03cC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22need%20nothing%22">Bartlett/Collins</a> (2011)]</blockquote><br>

Sometimes paraphrased: <br><br>

<blockquote>It is not ill-bred to adopt a high manner with the great and the powerful, but it is vulgar to lord it over humble people.</blockquote><br>						</span>
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                <!-- DCH Modify the title to give the category (quote author) at the beginning of it. -->
		<title>Bible, Vol. 1. Old Testament -- Book 20. Proverbs 16:18 (Prov 16:18) [tr. KJV (1611)]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/bible-ot/4712/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/bible-ot/4712/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2004 19:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Bible, Vol. 1. Old Testament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[arrogance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[attitude]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[defeat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[destruction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ego]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[failure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[haughtiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hubris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pride]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall. לִפְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן וְלִפְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ׃ Source of the common elided version, &#8220;Pride goeth before a fall.&#8221; (Source (Hebrew)). Other translations: Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall. [JB (1966), NJB (1985)] Pride leads to destruction, and arrogance to downfall. [GNT [&#8230;]]]></description>
        <!-- DCH Insert author info (category description) then (Source) and then put the extra info (MORE) below that. -->
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.</p>
<p align="right">
לִפְנֵי־שֶׁ֥בֶר גָּא֑וֹן וְלִפְנֵ֥י כִ֝שָּׁל֗וֹן גֹּ֣בַהּ רֽוּחַ׃</p>
<br><b>The Bible (The Old Testament)</b> (14th - 2nd C BC) Judeo-Christian sacred scripture [Tanakh, Hebrew Bible], incl. the Apocrypha (Deuterocanonicals) <br>Book 20. <i>Proverbs</i> 16:18 (Prov 16:18) [tr. KJV (1611)] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+16%3A18&version=KJV" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

Source of the common elided version, "Pride goeth before a fall."<br><br>

(<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Proverbs.16.18?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">Source (Hebrew)</a>). Other translations:<br><br>

<blockquote>Pride goes before destruction, a haughty spirit before a fall.<br>
[<a href="https://bibledoctrine.us/proverbs/#:~:text=Pride%20goes%20before%20destruction%2C%20a%20haughty%20spirit%20before%20a%20fall.">JB</a> (1966), <a href="https://www.bibliacatolica.com.br/en/new-jerusalem-bible/proverbs/16/#:~:text=Pride%20goes%20before%20destruction%2C%20a%20haughty%20spirit%20before%20a%20fall.">NJB</a> (1985)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Pride leads to destruction, and arrogance to downfall.<br>
[<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+16%3A18&version=GNT">GNT</a> (1976)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Pride comes before disaster,<br>
<span class="tab">and arrogance before a fall.<br>
[<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+16%3A18&version=CEB">CEB</a> (2011)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Pride goes before destruction<br>
<span class="tab">and a haughty spirit before a fall.<br>
[<a href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+16%3A18&version=NRSVUE">NRSV</a> (2021 ed.)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Pride goes before ruin,<br>
Arrogance, before failure.<br>
[<a href="https://www.sefaria.org/Proverbs.16.18?lang=bi&with=all&lang2=en">RJPS</a> (2023 ed.)]</blockquote><br>
						</span>
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