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		<title>Montesquieu -- Spirit of Laws [The Spirit of the Laws; De l’esprit des lois], Book  4, ch.  5 (4.5) (1748) [tr. Cohler/Miller/Stone (1989)]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/montesquieu/82465/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/montesquieu/82465/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 23:39:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Montesquieu]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[homeland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[law-abiding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lawfulness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[patriotism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[political virtue]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[private interest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[public interest]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[renunciation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-sacrifice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[virtue]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Political virtue is a renunciation of oneself, which is always a very painful thing. One can define this virtue as love of the laws and the homeland. This love, requiring a continuous preference of the public interest over one&#8217;s own, produces all the individual virtues; they are only that preference. [La vertu politique est un [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Political virtue is a renunciation of oneself, which is always a very painful thing. One can define this virtue as love of the laws and the homeland. This love, requiring a continuous preference of the public interest over one&#8217;s own, produces all the individual virtues; they are only that preference.</p>
<p><em>[La vertu politique est un renoncement à soi-même, qui est toujours une chose très-pénible. On peut définir cette vertu, l’amour des loix &#038; de la patrie. Cet amour, demandant une préférence continuelle de l’intérêt public au sien propre, donne toutes les vertus particulieres: elles ne sont que cette préférence.]</em></p>
<br><b>Charles-Lewis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu</b> (1689-1755) French political philosopher<br><i>Spirit of Laws [The Spirit of the Laws; De l’esprit des lois]</i>, Book  4, ch.  5 (4.5) (1748) [tr. Cohler/Miller/Stone (1989)] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://archive.org/details/spiritoflaws0000mont_e9x6/page/34/mode/2up?q=%22renunciation+of+oneself%22" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

(<a href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/De_l%E2%80%99esprit_des_lois_(%C3%A9d._Nourse)/Livre_4#:~:text=mais%20la%20vertu,que%20cette%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence.">Source (French)</a>). Other translations:<br><br>

<blockquote>Virtue is a self-renunciation which is always arduous and painful. This virtue may be defined, the love of the laws and of our country. As this love requires a constant preference of public to private interest, it is the source of all the particular virtues; for they are nothing more than this very preference itself.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Spirit_of_Laws_(1758)/Book_IV#:~:text=virtue%20is%20a,very%20preference%20itself.">Nugent</a> (1750)] </blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Virtue is a self-renunciation, which is very arduous and painful.  This virtue may be defined as the love of the laws and of our country. As such love requires a constant preference of public to private interest, it is the source of all private virtues [....]<br>
[<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Century_Path/CDxDAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22self-renunciation,+which+is+very+arduous+and+painful%22&pg=RA22-PA19&printsec=frontcover">E.g.</a> (1904)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Virtue is self-renunciation, which is always a very hard thing. This virtue may be defined as love of the laws and of the homeland. As this love requires a continual preference for the public interest over one’s own, it confers all the separate virtues: they are nothing more than this preference.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://montesquieu.ens-lyon.fr/spip.php?article2608#:~:text=virtue%20is%20self,than%20this%20preference.">Stewart</a> (2018)]</blockquote><br>						</span>
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		<title>Homer -- The Iliad [Ἰλιάς], Book 15, l. 494ff (15.494) [Hector] (c. 750 BC) [tr. Fagles (1990), l. 574ff]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/homer/45420/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/homer/45420/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jan 2021 17:42:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Homer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[battle]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[combat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fallen]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[And that comrade who meets his death and destiny, speared or stabbed, let him die! He dies fighting for fatherland &#8212; no dishonor there! [ὃς δέ κεν ὑμέων βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπεὶς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ τεθνάτω: οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης τεθνάμεν.] Original Greek. Alternate translations: If any bravely buy His fame or fate [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>And that comrade<br />
who meets his death and destiny, speared or stabbed,<br />
let him die! He dies fighting for fatherland &#8212;<br />
no dishonor there!</p>
<p>[ὃς δέ κεν ὑμέων<br />
βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπεὶς θάνατον καὶ πότμον ἐπίσπῃ<br />
τεθνάτω: οὔ οἱ ἀεικὲς ἀμυνομένῳ περὶ πάτρης<br />
τεθνάμεν.]</p>
<br><b>Homer</b> (fl. 7th-8th C. BC) Greek author<br><i>The Iliad</i> [Ἰλιάς], Book 15, l. 494ff (15.494) [Hector] (c. 750 BC) [tr. Fagles (1990), l. 574ff] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://griersmusings.files.wordpress.com/2018/10/homer_the_iliad_penguin_classics_deluxe_edition-robert-fagles.pdf" target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

<a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0133%3Abook%3D15%3Acard%3D478#text_main:~:text=%3A%20%E1%BD%83%CF%82%20%CE%B4%CE%AD%20%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BD%20%E1%BD%91%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%89%CE%BD,%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD">Original Greek</a>. Alternate translations:<br><br>

<blockquote>If any bravely buy<br>
His fame or fate with wounds or death, in Jove’s name let him die.<br>
Who for his country suffers death, sustains no shameful thing,<br>
[tr. <a href="https://fiftywordsforsnow.com/ebooks/chapman/iliad2.html#page2_66:~:text=Who%20for%20his%20country%20suffers%20death%2C%20sustains%20no%20shameful%20thing%2C">Chapman</a> (1611), l. 452ff]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Death is the worst; a fate which all must try;<br>
And for our country 'tis a bliss to die.<br>
The gallant man, though slain in fight he be,<br>
Yet leaves his nation safe, his children free;<br>
Entails a debt on all the grateful state;<br>
His own brave friends shall glory in his fate.<br> 
[tr. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Iliad_of_Homer_(Pope)/Book_15#pageindex_275:~:text=Death%20is%20the%20worst%3B%20a%20fate,And%20late%20posterity%20enjoy%20the%20deed!%22">Pope</a> (1715-20)]</blockquote><br>
 
<blockquote>Therefore stand fast, and whosoever gall’d<br>
By arrow or by spear, dies -- let him die;<br>
It shall not shame him that he died to serve<br>
His country.<br>
[tr. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16452/16452-h/16452-h.htm#page_377:~:text=Therefore%20stand%20fast%2C%20and%20whosoever%20gall%E2%80%99d,all%20his%20heritage%2C%20shall%20be%20secure%2C">Cowper</a> (1791), l. 599ff]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>Whichever of you, wounded or stricken, shall draw on his death and fate, let him die; it is not inglorious to him to die fighting for his country.<br>
[tr. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22382/22382-h/22382-h.htm#footnote496:~:text=whichever%20of%20you%2C%20wounded%20or%20stricken%2C,him%2C%20his%20house%20and%20patrimony%20unimpaired">Buckley</a> (1860)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>And if there be among you, who this day<br>
Shall meet his doom, by sword or arrow slain,<br>
E’en let him die! a glorious death is his<br>
Who for his country falls.<br>
[tr. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/6150/6150-h/6150-h.htm#linknoteref-4:~:text=And%20if%20there%20be%20among%20you%2C,His%20heritage%20uninjur%E2%80%99d">Derby</a> (1864)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>If any of you is struck by spear or sword and loses his life, let him die; he dies with honour who dies fighting for his country.<br> 
[tr. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Iliad_(Butler)/Book_XV#navigationNotes:~:text=If%20any%20of%20you%20is%20struck,with%20his%20house%20and%20allotment%20unplundered">Butler</a> (1898)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>If so be any of you, smitten by dart or thrust, shall meet death and fate, let him lie in death. No unseemly thing is it for him to die while fighting for his country. <br>
[tr. <a href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D15%3Acard%3D478#text_main:~:text=if%20so%20be%20any%20of%20you%2C,die%20while%20fighting%20for%20his%20country.">Murray</a> (1924)]</blockquote><br>

<blockquote>And if one finds <br>
his death, his end, in some spear-thrust or cast,<br>
then that is that, and no ignoble death<br>
for a man defending his own land.<br>
[tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Iliad/SZ0LrX2UOuUC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA268&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22if%20one%20finds%20his%20death%22">Fitzgerald</a> (1974)]</blockquote>
						</span>
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		<title>Democritus -- Frag. 247 (Diels) [tr. Freeman (1948)]</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/democritus/18591/</link>
		<comments>https://wist.info/democritus/18591/#respond</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 24 Jul 2012 12:52:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Democritus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cosmopolitan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[homeland]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[world]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[To a wise man, the whole earth is open; for the native land of a good soul is the whole earth. [Ἀνδρὶ σοφῶι πᾶσα γῆ βατή· ψυχῆς γὰρ ἀγαθῆς πατρὶς ὁ ξύμπας κόσμος.] Diels citation: &#8220;247. (168 N.)&#8221;; collected in Joannes Stobaeus (Stobaios) Anthologium III, 40, 7. Alternate translations: &#8220;To a wise man the whole [&#8230;]]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>To a wise man, the whole earth is open; for the native land of a good soul is the whole earth.</p>
<p>[Ἀνδρὶ σοφῶι πᾶσα γῆ βατή· ψυχῆς γὰρ ἀγαθῆς πατρὶς ὁ ξύμπας κόσμος.]</p>
<br><b>Democritus</b> (c. 460 BC - c. 370 BC) Greek philosopher <br>Frag. 247 (Diels) [tr. Freeman (1948)] 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/app/app63.htm#:~:text=247.%20To%20a%20wise%20man%2C%20the%20whole%20earth%20is%20open%3B%20for%20the%20native%20land%20of%20a%20good%20soul%20is%20the%20whole%20earth." target="_blank">Source</a>)
										<br><br><span class="cite">
						

<a href="http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/philosophes/democrite/diels.htm#table6:~:text=247.%20(168%20N.)%20%2D%2D%20%2D%2D,%CE%B3%E1%BD%B0%CF%81%20%E1%BC%80%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B8%E1%BF%86%CF%82%20%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%E1%BD%B6%CF%82%20%E1%BD%81%20%CE%BE%E1%BD%BB%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%82%20%CE%BA%E1%BD%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82.">Diels</a> citation: "247. (168 N.)"; collected in Joannes Stobaeus (Stobaios) <em>Anthologium</em> III, 40, 7. Alternate translations: <ul><br>

	<li>"To a wise man the whole earth is accessible; for the home country of a good soul is the whole world." [tr. <a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Early_Greek_Philosophy/9mDuAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22[B%20247]%22">Barnes</a> (1987)]</li>
	<li>"The whole earth is open to the wise person, for the entire universe is the country of a good soul." [<a href="https://sententiaeantiquae.com/2019/07/19/cosmopolitanism-and-hate/">@sentantiq</a> (2019)]</li>
	<li>"The whole world is home to a wise man with an upright spirit." [<a href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_Classical_Greek_Quotatio/knv1DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22%CE%BA%CE%B1%E1%BD%B6%20%CF%80%CF%81%E1%BD%B5%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%82%22&pg=PA190&printsec=frontcover&bsq=%22the%20whole%20world%20is%20home%22">Source</a>]</li>
	<li>"The wise man belongs to all countries, for the home of a great soul is the whole world."</li>
</ul>						</span>
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		<title>Adams, John -- Letter (1808-04-18) to Benjamin Rush</title>
		<link>https://wist.info/adams-john/6222/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Aug 2008 09:18:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Dave</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adams, John]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[civic duty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[country]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[duty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[homeland]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[Our Obligations to our Country never cease but with our Lives.]]></description>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Our Obligations to our Country never cease but with our Lives.</p>
<br><b>John Adams</b> (1735–1826) American lawyer, Founding Father, statesman, US President (1797–1801)<br>Letter (1808-04-18) to Benjamin Rush 
									<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(<a href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Adams/99-02-02-5238#:~:text=Our%20Obligations%20to%20our%20Country%20never%20cease%20but%20with%20our%20Lives." target="_blank">Source</a>)
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