IAGO: O, beware, my lord, of jealousy!
It is the green-eyed monster which doth mock
The meat it feeds on.

William Shakespeare (1564-1616) English dramatist and poet

Othello, Act 3, sc. 3, ll. 195ff (3.3.195-197) (1603)
    (Source)

Probable origin not just of the term "green-eyed monster" for jealousy / envy, but (along with his previous use of "green-eyed jealousy" in The Merchant of Venice, 3.2.113) of the association of the color green with the emotion.