MARCUS: Anger is a lust of punishing any one we imagine has injured us without cause. Heat is anger just forming and beginning to exist, which the Greeks call θυμωσις. Hatred is settled anger. Enmity is anger waiting for an opportunity of revenge. Discord is a sharper anger conceived deep in the mind and heart.
[Ira sit libido poeniendi eius qui videatur laesisse iniuria, excandescentia autem sit ira nascens et modo existens, quae θύμωσις Graece dicitur, odium ira inveterata, inimicitia ira ulciscendi tempus observans, discordia ira acerbior intimo animo et corde concepta.]
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC) Roman orator, statesman, philosopher
Tusculan Disputations [Tusculanae Disputationes], Book 4, ch. 9 (4.9) / sec. 21 (4.21) (45 BC) [tr. Main (1824)]
(Source)
Describing a Stoic definition of emotions (probably from Chrysippus); anger being seen as a subset of lust or eager desire.
(Source (Latin)). Other translations:Anger is a Lust of punishing him who appears to have injur'd us. Wrath is Anger breaking forth, and newly arisen which is in Greek call'd Heat. Hatred is an inveterate Anger. Enmity, an Anger watching the time of taking Revenge. Heart-burning is a deadly feud conceiv'd with inward rancor of Spirit.
[tr. Wase (1643)]Anger is the lust of punishing the author of injury which appears unprovoked: Resentment is kindling anger, and of recent growth; which the Greeks call θυμωσις: Hatred, inveterate anger: Enmity, anger watching its time for revenge: Discord, a more bitter anger, a hatred that is profound, and fills the whole heart.
[tr. Otis (1839)]Anger is a lust of punishing any one who, as we imagine, has injured us without cause. Heat is anger just forming and beginning to exist, which the Greeks call θύμωσις. Hatred is a settled anger. Enmity is anger waiting for an opportunity of revenge. Discord is a sharper anger conceived deeply in the mind and heart.
[tr. Yonge (1853)]Anger is the desire to punish one who, we think, has wrongfully done us harm. Irritability is anger nascent and just beginning to be, — called in Greek θυμωσις. Hatred is an anger that has become chronic. Enmity is anger on the watch for the opportunity of revenge. Discord is a more bitter anger conceived of hatred in the inmost heart.
[tr. Peabody (1886)]Anger is the desire of punishing the man who seems to have injured you. [...]
[tr. Taylor/Hunt (1916)]Anger is "desire to punish a person who is thought to have harmed one unjustly." Heatedness is "anger at its inception, when it has just come to be; in Greek it is called thumōsis. Hatred is "inveterate anger." Rancor is "anger biding its time for revenge." Soreness of heart is "a more bitter anger which has its birth in the depth of mind and heart."
[tr. Graver (2002)]
